Genotype x Environment Interactions for Seed Yield in Sesame in Western Ethiopia
June 1, 2015
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Abstract: As sesame is a short day plant and sensitive to light, heat, and moisture stress the yield is not stable. The selection of stable genotypes that interact less with the varying environment in which they are to be grown is required. The extent of genotype by environment interaction indicates the likelihood of adaptation of a given genotype to a particular agro-ecology and helps to design a breeding strategy for developing varieties suitable for cultivation in a target area. The objective of the study was to assess the significance and magnitude of GEI effect on sesame seed yield and to evaluate the efficiency of the combined use of AMMI and GGE techniques to study GEI. The treatment consisted of ten sesame genotypes grown in four locations (Angar, Uke, Wama and Bako) in western Ethiopia during the 2011 and 2012 main cropping seasons (June to October). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The seed yield data were analysed using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype and genotype x environment interaction effect (GGE) biplot. The AMMI analysis showed that environment, genotype, and genotype by environment interaction significantly (P<0.01) influenced seed yield. Both AMMI stability value and the GGE–biplot indicated that EW002 (G1) and BG006 (G2) were the most stable genotypes with high seed yields. The result showed that Uke could be used as the best test location for sesame yield trial in the future. The GGE-biplot model showed that eight environments used for the study belong to three different environments. Four genotypes viz. EW002 (G1), BG006 (G2), Obsa (G8) and Dicho (G9) were identified as desirable. In conclusion, the results of the study revealed that EW002 and BG006 are the best genotypes for high seed yield and stability, and could be recommended for production in western Ethiopia. Both AMMI and GGE-biplot produced similar results, suggesting that either of the two can be used at a time.
 Keywords: AMMI; GGE-biplot; Seed yield; Sesamum indicum L. Stability; Test environment Â
Daba, C., A. Ayana, H. Zeleke, and A. Wakjira. “Genotype X Environment Interactions for Seed Yield in Sesame in Western Ethiopia”. East African Journal of Sciences, vol. 9, no. 2, June 2015, pp. 85-96, doi:10.20372/eajs.v9i2.283.
References
Ahmed, S. B. M. and Ahmed, A. F. 2012. Genotype x season interaction and characters association of some sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under rain fed conditions of Sudan. African Journal of Plant Science, 6 (1): 39-42.
Alberts, M. J. A. 2004. A comparison of statistical methods to describe Genotype x Environment interaction and yield stability in multi-location maize trials. MSc. Thesis. Department of Plant Sciences/Plant Breeding, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Annicchiarico P. 2002. Genotype x Environment interaction: Challenges and opportunities for plant breeding and cultivar recommendation. FOA, Rome. 150 pp.
Annicchiarico P. 2009. Coping with and exploiting genotype-by-environment interactions. P. 519–564. Plant breeding and farmer participation Edited by Ceccarelli, S., E.P. Guimarães, E. Weltizien, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO. Rome, Italy.
Bo-Shim, K., Churl-Whan, K., Dong-Hee, K. and Jang-Whan, P. 2003. Interpretation of genotype x environment interaction effects on yield in sesame. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter, 18: 20-24.
Ceccarelli, S. 1996. Positive interpretation of genotype by environment interaction in relation to sustainability and biodiversity. In: Cooper, M. and Hammer. G. L. (Eds) Plant Adaptation and Crop improvement .CAB International Wallingford, UK. pp. 467-486.
Cooper, M. and Delacy, I. H. 1994. Relationship among analytic methods used to study genotypic variation and genotype-by-environment interaction in plant breeding multi-environment trials. Theory Applied Genetics 88: 561-572.
Crossa, J. 1990. Statistical analyses of multi-location trials. Advances in Agronomy, 44: 55-86.
Crossa, J., Gauch, H. G. and Zobel, R. W. 1990. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis of two international maize cultivar trials. Crop Science 30: 493-500.
Dagnachew, L., Girma, M., Abeya, T., Chemeda, D., Aschalew, S., Kasa, M., Zerihun, A., Teshome, B., Shiferaw, T. and Abdulaziz, T. 2011. Progress and prospects of sesame breeding in Western Ethiopia. pp. 129-140. In: Geremew Terefe., Adugna Wakjira and Dereje Gotfu. (Eds.), Oilseeds: Engine for Ethiopian Economic Development. EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ding, M., Tier, B. and Yan, W. 2007. Application of GGE- biplot analysis to evaluate genotypes (G) environment (E) and G x E interaction on P.radiata. Case study. Australian Forest Genetics Conference, 11-14 April 2007, the old wool store, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Farshadfar, E., Mohammadi, R., Aghaee, M. and Vaisi, Z. 2012. GGE-biplot analysis of genotype x environment interaction in wheat-barley disomic addition lines. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6 (6): 1074- 1079.
Ferney G. B., Alexei, M. and Aigul, A. 2006. Evaluation of grain yield stability, in spring wheat from Kazakhstan and Siberia. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7: 649-660.
Gabriel, K. R. 1971. Biplot display of multivariate matrices with application to principal components analysis. Biometrika, 58: 453-467.
Gauch, H. G. statistical analysis of yield trials by AMMI and GGE-biplot. Crop Sci., 46: 1488-1500.
Gauch, H. G. and Zobel, R. W. 1996. AMMI analysis of yield trials. In: Genotype by environment interaction. Kang & Gauch (Eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York.
Gauch, H. G. 1982a. Noise reduction by eigenvector ordinations. Ecology, 63: 1634-1649
Gauch, H. G. and Zobel, R. W. 1997. Identifying mega-environments and targeting genotypes. Crop Science 37: 311-326.
Gauch, H. G., Piepho, H. P. and Annicchiarico, P. 2008. Statistical analysis of yield trials by AMMI and GGE: Further considerations. Crop Science. 48: 866–889.
Gruneberg W. J., Manrique K., Zhang, D. and Hermann, M. 2005. Genotype x environment interactions for a diverse set of sweet potato clones evaluated across varying ecographic conditions in Peru. Crop Science, 45: 2160-2171.
Hagos, T. and Fetien, A. 2011. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions Analysis of yield Performance of sesame genotypes across environments in Northern Ethiopia. Journal of the Dry lands, 4: 259-266.
Kandus, M. Almorza, D. Ronceros, R. B. and Salerno, J. C. 2010. Statistical models evaluating the genotype-environment interaction in maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Experimental Botany, 79: 39-46.
Kang, M. S. 1998. Using genotype by environment interaction for crop cultivar development. Advances in agronomy, 62: 199-252.
Kaya, Y., Ackura and M., Taner, S. 2006. GGE-biplot analysis of multi-environment yield trials in bread wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture 30: 325-337.
Kaya Y. K., Palta, E., Taner, S. 2002. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions Analysis of Yield Performances in Bread Wheat Genotypes across Environments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 26: 275-279.
Kroonenberg, P. M. 1995. Introduction to biplots for G × E tables. Centre for Statistics. Research Report 51. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 22 pp.
Kumaresan, D. and Nadarajan, N. 2010. Genotype x Environment interactions for seed yield and its components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 4: 1126-1132.
Ma, B. L., Yan, W., Dwyer, L. M., Frégeau-Reid, J., Voldeng, H. D., Dion, Y. and Nass, H. 2004. Graphic analysis of genotype, environment, nitrogen fertilizer, and their interactions on spring wheat yield. Agronomy Journal, 96:169-180.
Matus-Cadiz, M. A., Hucl, P., Perron, C. E., and Tyler, R. T. 2003. Genotype x environment interaction for grain color in hard white spring wheat. Crop Science, 43: 219-226.
Mirza, M. Y., Ahmad, K. M., Amjad, M. and Nawaz, M. S. 2013. Stability analysis for economic traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 26 (3): 168-177.
Mitrovic, B., Stanisavljevi, D., Treski, S., Stojakovic, M., Ivanovic, M., Bekavac G., Rajkovic, M. 2012. Evaluation of experimental Maize hybrids tested in Multi-location trials using AMMI and GGE biplot analysis. Turkish Journal of Field Crops., 17 (1): 35-40.
Mohammed Abate. 2015. Genetic diversity, association of traits and Genotype x Environment interaction of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Ethioipia. PhD Thesis Haramaya University, Haramaya Ethiopia. pp. 71-89.
Naghavi, A., Sofalian, O., Asghari, A., Sedghi, M. 2010. Relation between freezing tolerance and seed storageproteins in winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15: 154–158.
Primomo, V. S., Falk, D. E., Ablett, G. R., Tanner, J. W. and Rajican, I. 2002. Genotype x Environment interactions, stability, and agronomic performance of soybean with altered fatty acid profile. Crop Science 42: 37-44.
Purchase, J. L. 1997. Parametric analysis and genotype x environment interaction and yield stability in winter wheat. PhD Thesis, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, of the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Purchase, J. L., Hatting, H. and Van Deventer, C. S. 2000. Genotype x Environment interaction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South Africa: II. Stability analysis of yield performance. South African Journal of Plant and Soil nutrition, 17: 101-107.
Signor, C. E., Dousse, S., Lorgeous, J., Denis, J. B., Bonhomme, R., Carolo P. and Charcosset, A. 2001. Interpretation of genotype x environment interactions for early maize hybrids over 12 years. Crop Science, 41: 663-669.
Suvarna, M. H., Nehru, M. S. D. and Manjunath, A. 2011. Stability analysis of sesame varieties during early kharif. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 45 (3): 244-248.
Steel, R. G. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hili, New York.
Yan, W. 2001. GGE biplot- a windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types of two way data. Agronomy Journal, 93: 1111-1118.
Yan, W. 2002. Singular-value partitioning in biplot analysis of multienvironment trial data. Agronomy Journal 94: 990-996.
Yan, W. and Hunt, L. A. 2001. Genetic and Environmental causes of genotype by environment interaction for winter wheat yield in Ontario. Crop Science, 41: 19-25.
Yan, W. and Hunt, L. A. 2002. Biplot analysis of multi-environment trial data, In: Kang, M. S. (Ed.) Quantitative Genetics, Genomics and Plant Breeding. CAB International, Willingford.
Yan, W. and Kang, M. S. 2003. GGE biplot analysis: a graphical tool for breeders, In: Kang M.S. (Ed.) Geneticists, and Agronomist. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 63-88.
Yan, W. and Tinker, N. A. 2006. Biplot analysis of multi-environment trial data: Principles and applications. Canadan Journal of Plant Science, 86: 623-645.
Yan, W., Cornelius, P. L., Crossa, J. and Hunt, L. A. 2001. Two types of GGE biplots for analyzing multi-environment trial data. Crop Science 41: 656-663.
Yan, W., Hunt, A. L., Sheng, Q. and Szlavnics, Z. 2000. Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on GGE- biplot. Crop Science, 40: 596-605.
Yan, W., Kang, M. S. Ma, B., Woods, S., and Cornelius, P.L. 2007. GGE-biplot vs. AMMI analysis of genotype –by- environment data. Crop Science, 47: 643-655.
Yan, W. and Hunt, L. A. 1998. Genotype by environment interaction and crop yield. Plant Breeding Reviews, 16: 135-178.
Zenebe Mekonnen and Hussien Mohammed. 2011. Study on genotype x environment interaction of oil content in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). World Journal of Fungal and Plant Biology, 1 (1): 15-20.
Zobel, R. W., Wright, M. J. and Gauch, H. G. 1988. Statistical analysis of yield trial. Agronomy Journal, 80: 388-393.
Ahmed, S. B. M. and Ahmed, A. F. 2012. Genotype x season interaction and characters association of some sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under rain fed conditions of Sudan. African Journal of Plant Science, 6 (1): 39-42.
Alberts, M. J. A. 2004. A comparison of statistical methods to describe Genotype x Environment interaction and yield stability in multi-location maize trials. MSc. Thesis. Department of Plant Sciences/Plant Breeding, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Annicchiarico P. 2002. Genotype x Environment interaction: Challenges and opportunities for plant breeding and cultivar recommendation. FOA, Rome. 150 pp.
Annicchiarico P. 2009. Coping with and exploiting genotype-by-environment interactions. P. 519–564. Plant breeding and farmer participation Edited by Ceccarelli, S., E.P. Guimarães, E. Weltizien, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO. Rome, Italy.
Bo-Shim, K., Churl-Whan, K., Dong-Hee, K. and Jang-Whan, P. 2003. Interpretation of genotype x environment interaction effects on yield in sesame. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter, 18: 20-24.
Ceccarelli, S. 1996. Positive interpretation of genotype by environment interaction in relation to sustainability and biodiversity. In: Cooper, M. and Hammer. G. L. (Eds) Plant Adaptation and Crop improvement .CAB International Wallingford, UK. pp. 467-486.
Cooper, M. and Delacy, I. H. 1994. Relationship among analytic methods used to study genotypic variation and genotype-by-environment interaction in plant breeding multi-environment trials. Theory Applied Genetics 88: 561-572.
Crossa, J. 1990. Statistical analyses of multi-location trials. Advances in Agronomy, 44: 55-86.
Crossa, J., Gauch, H. G. and Zobel, R. W. 1990. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis of two international maize cultivar trials. Crop Science 30: 493-500.
Dagnachew, L., Girma, M., Abeya, T., Chemeda, D., Aschalew, S., Kasa, M., Zerihun, A., Teshome, B., Shiferaw, T. and Abdulaziz, T. 2011. Progress and prospects of sesame breeding in Western Ethiopia. pp. 129-140. In: Geremew Terefe., Adugna Wakjira and Dereje Gotfu. (Eds.), Oilseeds: Engine for Ethiopian Economic Development. EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ding, M., Tier, B. and Yan, W. 2007. Application of GGE- biplot analysis to evaluate genotypes (G) environment (E) and G x E interaction on P.radiata. Case study. Australian Forest Genetics Conference, 11-14 April 2007, the old wool store, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Farshadfar, E., Mohammadi, R., Aghaee, M. and Vaisi, Z. 2012. GGE-biplot analysis of genotype x environment interaction in wheat-barley disomic addition lines. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6 (6): 1074- 1079.
Ferney G. B., Alexei, M. and Aigul, A. 2006. Evaluation of grain yield stability, in spring wheat from Kazakhstan and Siberia. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7: 649-660.
Gabriel, K. R. 1971. Biplot display of multivariate matrices with application to principal components analysis. Biometrika, 58: 453-467.
Gauch, H. G. statistical analysis of yield trials by AMMI and GGE-biplot. Crop Sci., 46: 1488-1500.
Gauch, H. G. and Zobel, R. W. 1996. AMMI analysis of yield trials. In: Genotype by environment interaction. Kang & Gauch (Eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York.
Gauch, H. G. 1982a. Noise reduction by eigenvector ordinations. Ecology, 63: 1634-1649
Gauch, H. G. and Zobel, R. W. 1997. Identifying mega-environments and targeting genotypes. Crop Science 37: 311-326.
Gauch, H. G., Piepho, H. P. and Annicchiarico, P. 2008. Statistical analysis of yield trials by AMMI and GGE: Further considerations. Crop Science. 48: 866–889.
Gruneberg W. J., Manrique K., Zhang, D. and Hermann, M. 2005. Genotype x environment interactions for a diverse set of sweet potato clones evaluated across varying ecographic conditions in Peru. Crop Science, 45: 2160-2171.
Hagos, T. and Fetien, A. 2011. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions Analysis of yield Performance of sesame genotypes across environments in Northern Ethiopia. Journal of the Dry lands, 4: 259-266.
Kandus, M. Almorza, D. Ronceros, R. B. and Salerno, J. C. 2010. Statistical models evaluating the genotype-environment interaction in maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Experimental Botany, 79: 39-46.
Kang, M. S. 1998. Using genotype by environment interaction for crop cultivar development. Advances in agronomy, 62: 199-252.
Kaya, Y., Ackura and M., Taner, S. 2006. GGE-biplot analysis of multi-environment yield trials in bread wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture 30: 325-337.
Kaya Y. K., Palta, E., Taner, S. 2002. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions Analysis of Yield Performances in Bread Wheat Genotypes across Environments. Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 26: 275-279.
Kroonenberg, P. M. 1995. Introduction to biplots for G × E tables. Centre for Statistics. Research Report 51. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 22 pp.
Kumaresan, D. and Nadarajan, N. 2010. Genotype x Environment interactions for seed yield and its components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 4: 1126-1132.
Ma, B. L., Yan, W., Dwyer, L. M., Frégeau-Reid, J., Voldeng, H. D., Dion, Y. and Nass, H. 2004. Graphic analysis of genotype, environment, nitrogen fertilizer, and their interactions on spring wheat yield. Agronomy Journal, 96:169-180.
Matus-Cadiz, M. A., Hucl, P., Perron, C. E., and Tyler, R. T. 2003. Genotype x environment interaction for grain color in hard white spring wheat. Crop Science, 43: 219-226.
Mirza, M. Y., Ahmad, K. M., Amjad, M. and Nawaz, M. S. 2013. Stability analysis for economic traits in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 26 (3): 168-177.
Mitrovic, B., Stanisavljevi, D., Treski, S., Stojakovic, M., Ivanovic, M., Bekavac G., Rajkovic, M. 2012. Evaluation of experimental Maize hybrids tested in Multi-location trials using AMMI and GGE biplot analysis. Turkish Journal of Field Crops., 17 (1): 35-40.
Mohammed Abate. 2015. Genetic diversity, association of traits and Genotype x Environment interaction of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Ethioipia. PhD Thesis Haramaya University, Haramaya Ethiopia. pp. 71-89.
Naghavi, A., Sofalian, O., Asghari, A., Sedghi, M. 2010. Relation between freezing tolerance and seed storageproteins in winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 15: 154–158.
Primomo, V. S., Falk, D. E., Ablett, G. R., Tanner, J. W. and Rajican, I. 2002. Genotype x Environment interactions, stability, and agronomic performance of soybean with altered fatty acid profile. Crop Science 42: 37-44.
Purchase, J. L. 1997. Parametric analysis and genotype x environment interaction and yield stability in winter wheat. PhD Thesis, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, of the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Purchase, J. L., Hatting, H. and Van Deventer, C. S. 2000. Genotype x Environment interaction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South Africa: II. Stability analysis of yield performance. South African Journal of Plant and Soil nutrition, 17: 101-107.
Signor, C. E., Dousse, S., Lorgeous, J., Denis, J. B., Bonhomme, R., Carolo P. and Charcosset, A. 2001. Interpretation of genotype x environment interactions for early maize hybrids over 12 years. Crop Science, 41: 663-669.
Suvarna, M. H., Nehru, M. S. D. and Manjunath, A. 2011. Stability analysis of sesame varieties during early kharif. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 45 (3): 244-248.
Steel, R. G. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hili, New York.
Yan, W. 2001. GGE biplot- a windows application for graphical analysis of multi-environment trial data and other types of two way data. Agronomy Journal, 93: 1111-1118.
Yan, W. 2002. Singular-value partitioning in biplot analysis of multienvironment trial data. Agronomy Journal 94: 990-996.
Yan, W. and Hunt, L. A. 2001. Genetic and Environmental causes of genotype by environment interaction for winter wheat yield in Ontario. Crop Science, 41: 19-25.
Yan, W. and Hunt, L. A. 2002. Biplot analysis of multi-environment trial data, In: Kang, M. S. (Ed.) Quantitative Genetics, Genomics and Plant Breeding. CAB International, Willingford.
Yan, W. and Kang, M. S. 2003. GGE biplot analysis: a graphical tool for breeders, In: Kang M.S. (Ed.) Geneticists, and Agronomist. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 63-88.
Yan, W. and Tinker, N. A. 2006. Biplot analysis of multi-environment trial data: Principles and applications. Canadan Journal of Plant Science, 86: 623-645.
Yan, W., Cornelius, P. L., Crossa, J. and Hunt, L. A. 2001. Two types of GGE biplots for analyzing multi-environment trial data. Crop Science 41: 656-663.
Yan, W., Hunt, A. L., Sheng, Q. and Szlavnics, Z. 2000. Cultivar evaluation and mega-environment investigation based on GGE- biplot. Crop Science, 40: 596-605.
Yan, W., Kang, M. S. Ma, B., Woods, S., and Cornelius, P.L. 2007. GGE-biplot vs. AMMI analysis of genotype –by- environment data. Crop Science, 47: 643-655.
Yan, W. and Hunt, L. A. 1998. Genotype by environment interaction and crop yield. Plant Breeding Reviews, 16: 135-178.
Zenebe Mekonnen and Hussien Mohammed. 2011. Study on genotype x environment interaction of oil content in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). World Journal of Fungal and Plant Biology, 1 (1): 15-20.
Zobel, R. W., Wright, M. J. and Gauch, H. G. 1988. Statistical analysis of yield trial. Agronomy Journal, 80: 388-393.
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