Effect of Integration of Cultural, Botanical, and Chemical Methods of Mound Treatment on Termites (Macrotermes subhyalinus Rambur) Colonies in Ghimbi District of Western Ethiopia
Downloads
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted from November 2011 to June 2013 to evaluate the effects of botanical, cultural, and chemical methods on termite colony survival, crop and wooden damage, and other biological activities in Ghimbi district of western Ethiopia. The termite mounds were dug and the following treatments were applied. The treatments included queen removal + 250 g/mound of Masea lanceolata leaf powder, queen removal + 250 g/mound of M. Lanceolata leaf powder + chlorpyrifos 6 ml/mould, queen removal + chlorpyrifos 6 ml/mould, chlorpyrifos 12 ml/mould (recommended)/, queen removal alone and untreated check in 6×6 Latin Square Design. Data were collected on nest construction, foraging termites, crops and wooden damage within the radius of 50m from the treated mound. Queen removal + M. Lanceolata leaf powder + chlorpyrifos 6 ml/mould, queen removal + chlorpyrifos 6 ml/mould, and chlorpyrifos 12 ml/mould resulted in colony destruction, and reduced damage to crops and wooden materials significantly overall other treatments but no significant difference was observed amongst them. Queen removal as a component of integrated management is effective and eco-friendly. Therefore, it could be concluded that mound destruction using queen removal and lower rate of chemicals may be used for the management of termites. In areas where multiple species were involved in causing damage, it could be one of the major components of integrated termite management. The rate of the chemical to be used after queen removal could also be further studied and reduced to make it more environmentally friendly and economically affordable.
Â
Keywords: chlorpyrifos; Macrotermes subhyalinus; Masea lanceolata; termite queen removalÂ
Abdurahman Abdulahi. 1995. Termites of agricultural importance and their control in western Ethiopia. Pp13-17 In: proceedings of second regional workshop on termite research and control, held at National agricultural research Laboratories, Nairobi, 7 - 9 March 1995.
Abraham Tadesse (ed.). 2008. Increasing Crop Production through Improved Plant Protection-Volume 1 and 2. Proc. of the 14th Annual Conference of Plant Protection Society of Ethiopia (PPSE), 19 - 22 December, 2006. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PPSE and EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 598 pp.
Abraham Tadesse. 1998. Control Strategies and Future Needs for Research on Insect Pests of Maize in Ethiopia pp. 291 - 305. In: Beyene S. and Abera D. (eds) agricultural Research and Technology transfer attempts and achievements in Northern Ethiopia. Proc. of 4th Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop.18 - 21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Assefa Gabre-Amlak. 1990. Maize Stalk Borer Research in Ethiopia. pp 22-24 Proc. of the 10th CEE Annual Meeting. February 7 - 9, 1990, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BARC (Bako Agricultural Research Center). 2004. Crop Protection Division Progress Report for the Year 2004.
BARC (Bako Agricultural Research Center). 2003. Crop Protection Division Progress Report for the Year 2003.
BARC (Bako Agricultural Research Center). 1998. Chemical Control of Termite. Bako Research Center Progress Report for 1997/8.
Darlington, J. P. E. C. 1982. The underground passage and storage pits used in foraging by a nest of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kajiado, Kenya. Journal of zoology 198: 237 - 247.
Darlington, J. P. E. C. 1985. Multiple primary reproductives in the termite Macrotermes michaelseni (Sjostedt). pp. 187 - 200. In: Caste Differentiation in Social Insects. Watson J. A. L., Okot-Kotber, M., Noirot, C. (eds.), Pergamon Press, Oxford.
Emana Getu and Gure Kumissa. 1997. A Strategy for a Sustainable Control of Termite in Manasibu Wereda (West Wellega) a Document Prepared by B & M Development Consultants PLC for the Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus-Western Snod.
Gauchan, D., Ayo-Odongo, J., Vaughan, K., Lemma Gizachew & Mulugeta Negeri eds. 1998. A participatory Systems Analysis of the termite Situation in West Wellega, Oromiya Region, Ethiopia. Working Document Series 68, ICRA, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 158pp.
Glover, P. E. 1967. Further notes on some termites of northern Somalia. East African Wildlife Journal, 5: 121 - 132.
Harris, W. V. 1954. Termites and Tropical Agriculture. Tropical Agriculture, 31: 11 - 18.
Harris, W. V. 1971. Termites, their recognition and control 2nd ed. Longman, London.
James, W. M., Logan, J. W. M., Robert, H., Cowie, R. H. and Wood, T. G. 1990. Termites (Isopteran) Control in Agriculture and Forestry by Non- Chemical Methods: A Review. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 80: 309 - 330.
Klots, A. B. and Klots, E. B. 1959. Living Insects of the World. Doubleday and Company, Inc. New York. Pp 23 - 30.
Malaisse, F. 1978. High termitaria. Pp 1279 - 1300 In: Werger, M. J. A. (ed.) Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa. Junk, B. V, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Mitchell, J. D. 2002. Termites as pests of crops, forestry, rangeland and structures in southern Africa and their control. Socio-biology, 40: 47 - 69.
Pearce, M. J. 1997. Termites: Biology and Pest Management. CAB International, London: 172 pp.
Pomeroy, D. E., Bagine, R. K., and Darlington, J. P. E. C. 1991. Fungus-growing termites in East African Savannas. Pp 41 - 50. In: Kayanja, F. I. B. and Edroma, E. L. (eds.) African wildlife research and management. International Council of Scientific Unions, Paris, France.
Sands, W. A. 1976. A visit to Ethiopia to examine termite problems in Wollega province, 17 - 26 May, 1976. Report No.CVR/76/10. Center for Overseas Pest Research, London, 11pp.
Schmutterer, H. 1969. Pests of crops in northeast and central Africa with particular reference to the Sudan. Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart, USA.pp36 - 42.
Sileshi, G., Philip Nyeko, Phillip, O. Y., Nkunika, Benjamin, M. Sekematte, Festus, K. Akinnifesi and Oluyede, C. Ajayi. 2009. Integrating ethno-ecological and scientific knowledge of termites for sustainable termite management and human welfare in Africa. Ecology and Society, 14 (1): 48.
 
Copyright (c) 2016 Mulatu Wakgari, Emana Getu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
- I am authorized by my co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- I warrant, on behalf of myself and my co-authors, that:
- the article is original, has not been formally published in any other peer-reviewed journal, is not under consideration by any other journal and does not infringe any existing copyright or any other third party rights;
- I am/we are the sole author(s) of the article and have full authority to enter into this agreement and in granting rights to Springer are not in breach of any other obligation;
- the article contains nothing that is unlawful, libellous, or which would, if published, constitute a breach of contract or of confidence or of commitment given to secrecy;
- I/we have taken due care to ensure the integrity of the article. To my/our - and currently accepted scientific - knowledge all statements contained in it purporting to be facts are true and any formula or instruction contained in the article will not, if followed accurately, cause any injury, illness or damage to the user.
- I, and all co-authors, agree that the article, if editorially accepted for publication, shall be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0. If the law requires that the article be published in the public domain, I/we will notify Springer at the time of submission, and in such cases the article shall be released under the Creative Commons 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver. For the avoidance of doubt it is stated that sections 1 and 2 of this license agreement shall apply and prevail regardless of whether the article is published under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 or the Creative Commons 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver.
- I, and all co-authors, agree that, if the article is editorially accepted for publication in Haramaya Journals, data included in the article shall be made available under the Creative Commons 1.0 Public Domain Dedication waiver, unless otherwise stated. For the avoidance of doubt it is stated that sections 1, 2, and 3 of this license agreement shall apply and prevail.
